2024 Is corningware lead free

Visions 4-Piece Cookware Set. $124. Amazon. Visions Cookware, a line of see-through pots made by Corningware, got a bad rap when introduced in the '80s, but has been embraced in the past couple of .... Prefix for tube or second crossword clue

The highest concentration of lead is usually in the paint on the outside of the Pyrex bowl or dish. With some very rare exceptions, the paint on the outside of both vintage Pyrex and vintage Corningware bowls and baking dishes will usually test positive for lead between 15,000 - 100,000 PPM lead.October 14, 2021. Photo: iStock. If you eat from vintage, thrifted, or imported ceramic dishware, you may want to consider testing your ceramics for lead—or even getting a blood test. The New ...Original CorningWare saucepans, with the 'Cornflower' decoration. Corning Ware, also written CorningWare, was originally a brand name for a unique glass-ceramic cookware resistant to thermal shock.It was first introduced in 1958 by Corning Glass Works (later Corning Inc.) in the United States.The brand was later spun off with the sale of the …Gigi, your old corning ware pieces should still be lead-free. I found this entry in a customer discussion on Amazon entitled CorningWare: The Life, Death and Resurrection of a Kitchen Icon. Joe Ekaitis says:The FDA began enforcing limits on leachable lead in 1971. This is over a decade before VISIONS was officially released in the USA. Additionally, the California law known as Proposition 65 , dedicated to eliminating exposure to toxic chemicals in consumer products, was passed in 1986.Free Shipping on eligible items. Everyday low prices, save up to 50%. Skip to main content.us. Delivering to Lebanon 66952 Update location ... this is a corning ware oval casserole dish with lid. It is done in the French White pattern. It is numbered F-2-B and will hold 2.8 quarts. Top Brand: CorningWare .Pingback: IS CORNINGWARE LEAD FREE - QUICK ANSWER TO SAFE DISHES. Hairstyles. January 8, 2022 at 4:34 pm Thanks for your recommendations on this blog. Just one thing I want to say is the fact that purchasing electronic products items from the Internet is not something new. The truth is, in the past ten years alone, the market for online ...Corelle dishes made after 2005 are all Lead-Free. Corelle tested their dinnerware collections made between 1978 - 2000 and found that the dinnerware is safe for use. Corelle recommends using Pre-2005 dishes only as decorative pieces due to the concerns for high levels of Lead.Ahimsa also makes Purposeful Plates as regular dishes for dinnerware for the entire family in several shades. ( Use code “MAMAVATION” for 25% off Ahimsa products) The manufacturing process of stainless steel sets is always free of animal cruelty, i.e. It doesn’t harm any animal or make use of bone ash.Opal glass is a 100% glass material while Bone china is a type of porcelain that is composed of bone ash, feldspathic material, and Kaolin. Opal glass gets its white color from the addition of bone ash, tin dioxide, or antimony compounds, which are also sometimes added to ceramic glazes to produce a milky white color. GET BEST PRICE.Why is having Lead (and/or Cadmium) on the OUTSIDE of a casserole dish a problem? With pieces like the vintage Corningware casserole pictured here on this article (and much of the vintage Pyrex I have tested), where the toxicants found (like Lead and Cadmium) are primarily on the outside (not on the interior food surface of the item), my concern is more for the potential long term trace level ...Aug 6, 2022 · The quick answer is yes, but there are some things you should know first. First of all, make sure your CorningWare is oven-safe. If it doesn’t have the oven-safe symbol on the bottom, then don’t try to use it on a gas burner. Second, always use medium heat or lower when cooking with CorningWare on a gas burner. While the tips mentioned above are a great starting point, the only way to determine if a dish contains lead is to test it. There are several testing options – the two most common are: Testing the pottery surface with an at-home lead test kit. Send the dish to a laboratory (the best way to test for lead leaching). 1.A breaking knife is used to break down meat while a cimeter is commonly used for portioning larger cuts of meat. A breaking knife is a type of butcher knife with a thin, sharp blade and pointed tip while a cimeter is a sharp and curved blade that allows its user to trim meat closer to the bones. The breaking knife comes mostly in two different ...Via/ eBay. Rubin's test of a vintage Corningware casserole dish in the Spice of Life pattern (1970s/80s) revealed 26,500 ppm of lead and some cadmium. Though this was on the outside decoration, she cautions that there could still be exposure risks. The decoration on a vintage Corelle bowl, also made by Corning, tested positive for lead as well.Mar 5, 2020 · However, there is something to be aware of when it comes to most vintage dishes and cookware, including Pyrex. It can contain lead. Vintage Pyrex has gained a lot of popularity lately. You used to find it really cheap in thrift stores from when people were clearing out old family dishes but now it seems like everyone is collecting it and it’s ... Our recommendation for nickel-free stainless cookware is Chantal Induction 21. However, it isn't perfect. Induction 21 is disc-clad cookware, and the discs aren't all that thick, so its heating properties are just okay. ... Some vintage CorningWare tests positive for lead on the outside only, which you may or may not be concerned about ...GET BEST PRICE. Due to its excellent heat retention qualities, the Brown glass Visions cookware is ideal for liquid-based cooking such as soups and curries. In addition, it is economical on fuel as medium heat is recommended for optimal cooking results. Finally, Visions cookware is suitable Gas, Electric, Halogen, and Ceramic …Homemade and Hand-painted Ceramics: Only use them for eating if you're confident the paint is lead-free. Vintage China (especially from pre-1970): Beautiful, but best for display, not dinner. Brightly Colored Asian Dishes: Some may contain lead or cadmium. Lead Crystal Glassware: Avoid due to high lead content. Reserve for display.Modern Pyrex, on the other hand, is typically lead-free due to stricter regulations and increased awareness of the potential health hazards associated with lead exposure. It is always a good practice to check product labels for information on lead content and to avoid using products with lead-based paint or decals.Discover 12 B2B sales lead generation ideas to fill your sales funnel with leads that will generate revenue. Sales | Tip List WRITTEN BY: Jess Pingrey Published August 30, 2022 Jes...Since I use a mug everyday, I wanted to get a mug that is non toxic and cadmium & lead-free. In this post, I share with you how mugs can be toxic and what non toxic mugs are available. ... Therefore, I am not sure if Pyrex or Corelle mugs contain with lead or not. Reply. Art Anson May 4, 2019. Hello - I agree with you on that… I have yried ...Pyrex glass is lead-free because lead is not part of the glass composition. Pyrex is a type of glass, it's convenient for going from the oven to the fridge. NON - TOXIC DRINKING GLASS. The non-toxic drinking glass is mugs made of Borosilicate glass or soda-lime glass. Borosilicate glass has extreme resistance to severe temperature changes ...Since French White Corningware is devoid of any paint, it's safe to assume that it's free from lead. While it has been glazed, a majority of glaze paint products are lead-free. Furthermore, the California Department of Public Health notes that plain white dishes are generally free from lead.Pyroceram is the original glass-ceramic material developed and trademarked by Corning Glass in the 1950s. Pyroceram is an opaque, white, glass material, commonly used in kitchenware, glass stove tops, wood stove doors, etc. It has high heat tolerance and low thermal expansion.READ ALSO: IS FRENCH WHITE CORNINGWARE LEAD-FREE? READ ALSO: ADAPTIVE PLATES FOR ELDERLY. LEAD-FREE CORELLE DISHES. Lead-free Corelle dishes are dishes that are safe for children, adults, and elders for healthy meals. It does not contain lead and cadmium. Below are recommended dishes; CORELLE WHITE BELLA FAENZA 18-PIECE DINNERWARE SETThe rarer the better when it comes to value, it seems. "The Cornflower range, with a blue floral design, is the most common pattern but is still worth a lot of money," the Australian site said ...The Corningware French white dish has a non-porous surface that does not absorb food odors or flavors, is lead and cadmium free, and does not absorb stains. Corningware French White is easy to care for, clean and has a nonstick ceramic interior.When squeezing citrus juice, you probably try to get the most juice out so as to not waste money or the fruit. However, there’s a culinary reason you might want to squeeze only alm...All our products have been Lead free since the mid-2000's. Is Corningware safe for cooking? According to the Corningware website, it is safe to use the company's glass-ceramic dishes on the range top.In conclusion, Pyrex lids are BPA free. However, it is still important to consider the BPA content, even if the lids do not directly touch food. Opting for BPA-free lids contributes to a healthier lifestyle and reduces potential exposure to this chemical compound. Author.The guidance is entitled “(1) The Safety of Imported Traditional Pottery Intended for Use with Food and the Use of the Term “Lead Free” in the Labeling of Pottery; and (2) Proper ...photo source: CorningWare 411 The Atomic Starburst Black Star casserole dish contrasted with the usual floral patterns of these dishes. On the side, it had a single stenciled black star design called the black starburst, like a retro 50s space symbol, and no other markings.. There was a dish version that sat lower to the counter and a tall, 4-QT …Corelle dinnerware sets are unique and popular due to the use of a special glass known as Vitrelle. Because of this unique innovative technology, the Corelle dinnerware is a versatile dish that is thin, stronger than other ceramic dinnerware, and as translucent as fine china.. Corelle dish sets are extremely durable, chip and break …Mar 3, 2023 · Corningware is a brand of glass-ceramic cookware that is known for its durability and versatility. According to the company, Corningware is lead-free because it is made of Pyroceram, a patented glass-ceramic material that does not contain lead or any other toxic chemicals. This claim is supported by independent testing, which has confirmed that ... Corelle. THE ANSWER. No, it is not safe to eat off of dishes that might contain lead. WHAT WE FOUND. In your home, lead is mostly found in paint, especially if your home was built before 1978 ...No. The glass-ceramic material used to create VISIONS does not include lead or similar harmful metals as an ingredient. Visions cookware will also test negative for cadmium, mercury, arsenic, etc. The FDA began enforcing limits on leachable lead in 1971. This is over a decade before VISIONS was officially released in the USA.Both Pyrex and Corningware are baking dishes but they are not the same. Corningware actually has a higher heat threshold. Is Corningware free of lead? According to all reports, these are free of lead. To reach certain cooking standards, they should be. Just be sure you are getting authentic Corningware.Corningware Archives - Lead Safe Mama. Corningware. XRF test results for white (glass?) Corning Centura April pattern saucer with multi-color tulips — sent in by Rick in California. This image was going viral on Facebook, so I created a "corrected" meme! Please check it out and share!However, there is something to be aware of when it comes to most vintage dishes and cookware, including Pyrex. It can contain lead. Vintage Pyrex has gained a lot of popularity lately. You used to find it really cheap in thrift stores from when people were clearing out old family dishes but now it seems like everyone is collecting it and it’s ...The amount of lead in the exterior of vintage kitchen items from Pyreix is commonly 40,000 PPM or more (for the record, anything above 90 PPM lead is above the amount legally allowed in items intended for use by children by modern standards). Now that we have out-snopsed Snopes, and demonstrated that there is indeed lead in Vintage Pyrex (and ...Corningware casserole dishes may not usually be worth thousands of dollars, but they might be listed on eBay for high "Buy It Now" amounts. Buyers do need to be on the lookout for scammers ...Oct 7, 2023 · Commercial and printed Corning ware and ‘Made in USA Stamps’ ... No, old Corningware isn’t lead-free and usually tests positive for 15,000 – 100,000 PPM values. Corelle. THE ANSWER. No, it is not safe to eat off of dishes that might contain lead. WHAT WE FOUND. In your home, lead is mostly found in paint, especially if your home was built before 1978 ...One of Pottery Barn’s white ceramic plate was found to have 363 ppm lead. Levels in the 90 ppm range or below are considered lead-safe although it is not lead-free. 45,300 or even 300 ppm seems to be a high number to have in our dinnerware! WTHR, Indianapolis News did the investigation of lead in plates, bowls and mugs.DURABLE MATERIAL: This CorningWare set is made from high-quality ceramic that resists chips and cracks, helping provide a long-lasting household essential item. Plastic lids are non-toxic, BPA-Free. LOW MAINTENANCE: This bakeware set is designed to provide the best kitchen experience while requiring low maintenance.Yes, soda lime glass is lead-free. It is one of the most widely used varieties of glass, with a glass content of 90%, and is used in windows, jars, and other commonplace objects like bottles and jars. Overall, soda lime glass is a highly important material that is used in many industries and applications. It is highly durable, cost-effective ...Oct 7, 2023 · Commercial and printed Corning ware and ‘Made in USA Stamps’ ... No, old Corningware isn’t lead-free and usually tests positive for 15,000 – 100,000 PPM values. 52 A I E 28 Plates, any size (Foodware, Cookware & Tableware), (52A only) Tableware for Adult Use, (52A only) Ceramic. Date Published: 08/01/2011. Notes: Large; Medium and small ceramic plates from 22 piece set with blue; yellow and pink flowers and a gold rim; Problem; Lead. Qingdao Develop Houseware Co Ltd.Dec 24, 2021 · The Pyrex casserole dish is predominately made in the USA, having BPA-free plastic lids, lead-free and durable high quality tempered glass that is dishwasher safe. This non-porous Pyrex casserole dish won’t absorb flavors, food odors, or stains especially acidic foods won’t change color or take flavors when cooked or stored in a Pyrex ... In 2019, Rubin posted about discovering one piece of her own inherited vintage barware pieces contained a shocking 90,000 parts per million (ppm) lead and more than 2,000ppm cadmium; for ...While he repels plenty of people, he continues to attract others. Donald Trump is a hugely polarizing figure. While he repels plenty of people, he continues to attract others. To w...CorningWare lead-free glass baking dishes, casserole dishes, pots and pans, Pyrex storage containers, etc. Note - some vintage Corningware and Pyrex have lead. Visions Glass Cookware - current version is inert - lead and cadmium free glass cookware - also great for cooking tomato sauces, pasta sauces and other acidic foods that tend to ...Dec 13, 2021 · The Corelle Boutique Cherish pattern is traditional and square, whereas the Corelle Boutique Swept pattern is round. Corelle Boutique dinnerware combines subtle sophistication with Corelle’s exclusive, long-lasting Vitrelle glass. The Corelle swept line is break and chip resistant, microwave and dishwasher safe, lightweight, stackable, and ... Yes, soda lime glass is safe to use. It is the most common type of glass used in everyday items like jars, bottles, and windowpanes. Soda lime glass is non-toxic and non-porous, making it an ideal material for food and beverage containers. It is also resistant to scratches and breakage, making it a long-lasting and durable choice.For those new to the Lead Safe Mama website: Tamara Rubin is a multiple-federal-award-winning independent advocate for childhood Lead poisoning prevention and consumer goods safety, and a documentary filmmaker. She is also a mother of Lead-poisoned children (two of her four sons were acutely Lead-poisoned in 2005). Tamara owns and runs Lead Safe Mama, ... Read More about Vintage Corelle Plate ...According to LSM, Corelle® is a worldwide leader in producing lead-free dishware. They promote their basic white items as one of the most reliable Lead-free dishware solutions on the market today. One of their designs, Bella Faenza, has the detail embossed into the glass (as a texture, not a painted design). These "embossed" Corelle dishes ...is corningware lead and cadmium free? is corningware lead free? is vintage anchor hocking lead free? are arcopal dishes microwave safe? is ikea stoneware microwave safe? arcopal vs corelle; how durable is porcelain dinnerware? non-toxic dinnerware brands; which dinnerware set material is best for health? what is corelle dinnerware made out of ...Lead-free Corningware is guaranteed. The issue is that once you’ve realized there’s lead in the coating on your vintage Pyrex bowls, you have to figure out what to do next. When using an XRF, almost all vintage Pyrex bowls and baking dishes tested positive for lead. Many vintage Pyrex bowls and baking dishes will also be “Swab positive ...Look to see if the container is labeled as unbreakable or microwave-safe. If it is, that’s a good indicator that it contains BPA. Get rid of it. If you see a label indicating that the container is handwash only, it’s probably made of acrylic and therefore OK to keep. If the container doesn’t have a recycling number on it and you bought it ...CorningWare Stovetop, a line of saucepans and casserole dishes made with heat-resistant Pyroceram, is safe to use on electric and gas stovetops. Stovetop products are also safe for...Year: 1972-1987. Price: $100 - $10000. Depending on the size, shape, and seasoning added to the basic motif, this cheery pattern with a transparent Pyrex top was made from 1972 to 1987 in a few forms. In addition to garlic, mushrooms, green peppers, artichokes, and tomatoes, the pattern includes a variety of herbs.These glazes sometimes contain lead to give products an attractive shine, according to a 1988 report in The Lancet. If ceramics are baked for long enough at hot enough temperatures, they may still be safe, but if not, the lead can leach into food and cause lead poisoning. Acidic food or drink is especially likely to cause lead to leach out of ...Let's find out if they are present in T-fal cookware products. IS T-FAL SAFE? Yes, T-fal (Tefal) cookware is safe because the PTFE (Polytetrafluoroethylene) and PFOA (Perfluorooctanoic) used don't react with food and it has been scientifically proven by the Health Authorities that T-fal (Tefal) is free of lead and cadmium making it safe for cooking.Let's find out if they are present in T-fal cookware products. IS T-FAL SAFE? Yes, T-fal (Tefal) cookware is safe because the PTFE (Polytetrafluoroethylene) and PFOA (Perfluorooctanoic) used don't react with food and it has been scientifically proven by the Health Authorities that T-fal (Tefal) is free of lead and cadmium making it safe for cooking.Nothing was done to avoid the situation. The monsoon rains, due in India any day now, are set to worsen the country’s ongoing coal crisis, leading to more power outages. “Based on ...All colors sold by Fiesta contain no detectable lead according to a California consent judgment. Fiesta is the most well-known brand name of all three manufacturers on this page. It has been manufacturing dinnerware since 1936 in Newell, West Virginia. You will definitely be proud to serve this at your table.Hey there! As an Amazon Associate, I earn from qualifying purchases. I greatly appreciate your support! Ceramic ware is a hot issue today. With this popular question being asked- Is French white Corning ware lead-free?Is french white corningware lead free? There is a lot of good design and technolog...RARE Vintage Corning Ware Blue Cornflower 11 Inch P-16-B Casserole With Lid Made in U.S.A. This wonderful dish measures 11 inches by 11 inches, with a bottom stamp that reads "Corning Ware 11 IN P-16-B Made in U.S.A." This piece is in wonderful condition, it does have a few surface small scratches with a little yellow staining near the scratches.You can quickly determine if the Corelle county cottage has lead by using the XRF instrument, a lead test kit, or asking the manufacturer if the Corelle dish meets Proposition 65 standards. …One of Pottery Barn’s white ceramic plate was found to have 363 ppm lead. Levels in the 90 ppm range or below are considered lead-safe although it is not lead-free. 45,300 or even 300 ppm seems to be a high number to have in our dinnerware! WTHR, Indianapolis News did the investigation of lead in plates, bowls and mugs.While Corningware is generally safe, some older versions of Corningware may contain toxic materials that can be harmful to human health. Corningware produced before the 1990s was made with a material called pyroceram, which contained a small amount of lead. Lead is a toxic heavy metal that can cause serious health problems if …Look to see if the container is labeled as unbreakable or microwave-safe. If it is, that’s a good indicator that it contains BPA. Get rid of it. If you see a label indicating that the container is handwash only, it’s probably made of acrylic and therefore OK to keep. If the container doesn’t have a recycling number on it and you bought it ...The accident that created a popular kitchenware. In 1952, Dr. S. Donald Stookey was heating up a piece of photosensitive glass in the Corning lab, but instead of heating it to 600 C, he ...Regarding this lead-free cornflower Corningware, I guess maybe it is related to the decorating method? There are three decorating methods: under-glaze, in-glaze and on-glaze. On-glaze usually uses paint containing heavy metals (lead and cadmium!) and some decorative patterns are added to the pottery like a sticker.Both Pyrex and Corningware are baking dishes but they are not the same. Corningware actually has a higher heat threshold. Is Corningware free of lead? According to all reports, these are free of lead. To reach certain cooking standards, they should be. Just be sure you are getting authentic Corningware.Glass cookware such as Pyrex and Corningware, microwave plates, drinking glasses, vases, nail varnish bottles, mirrors, light bulbs, and tubes are examples of non-recyclable glasses.. The above types of glass cannot be recycled because they do not melt at the same temperature as bottles and jars; if they enter the glass recycling process, new containers may be rejected.GET BEST PRICE. Due to its excellent heat retention qualities, the Brown glass Visions cookware is ideal for liquid-based cooking such as soups and curries. In addition, it is economical on fuel as medium heat is recommended for optimal cooking results. Finally, Visions cookware is suitable Gas, Electric, Halogen, and Ceramic …According to some of Tamara's results, not all dinnerware that's promoted as being lead-free, lives up to that claim. Pyrex vs Jadeite - What's Safer? A lot of Pyrex and Corelle collectors will be surprised to know some of their vintage pieces contain very high levels of lead, primarily on the decorative pattern elements. ...Corning Blue Corn Flower Casserole, Lead-free! (non-detect for Lead). Tested with an XRF instrument. Unknown year of manufacture.

Melamine is lightweight, durable, and has a great shine since it is made up of plastic. Ceramic is basically non-metallic tableware. Ceramic is made up of various types of clay. Melamine can't be recycled, once it is broken, it is thrown away. Ceramic is suitable for serving and consuming hot meals.. Crossword french cheese

Published: December 30, 2016 Updated: November 23, 2023 – Thursday This is an ad-free article. To make a contribution to help us keep our most widely-read articles ad-free, click here. Thank you. How to choose a safer mixing bowl As many of Lead Safe Mama friends and readers know already most of the vintage dishware ... Read More about …is arcopal lead free? can corelle dishes go in the oven? is french white corningware lead free? is bone china better than porcelain? luminarc vs corningware; duralex vs corelle; which is better melamine or ceramic? non toxic dinnerware made in usa; does borosilicate glass contain lead? are white corelle dishes lead-free? does bormioli rocco ...As we covered earlier, lead, BPA, and cadmium are present in vintage Corningware products. Therefore, using your dishes for eating and cooking is very dangerous. Not only do these toxic ingredients cause instant symptoms, but they can also lead to fatal illness. Unfortunately, lead is a common issue in various environments and products.Jealousy and insecurity are common feelings most people experience at times. But when unexamined, these painful emotions can lead to more destructive emotions that can negatively i...Corelle claims that their dishes are made without the addition of lead or cadmium. However, it's important to note that Corelle does not explicitly state that its products are lead-free. In the United States, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has specific regulations in place regarding the permissible levels of lead and cadmium in ...The short answer is: it depends. Corningware produced prior to the late 1980s may contain higher levels of lead. However, pieces made after 1989 are advertised as lead-free and follow FDA regulations. In this post, we'll dive into the history of Corningware, discuss how much lead is in older dishes, look at when they transitioned to lead-free ...Originally published: December 20, 2016 Updated: December 28, 2019 For those new to this website: Tamara Rubin is a multiple-Federal-award-winning independent advocate for childhood Lead poisoning prevention and consumer goods safety, and a documentary filmmaker. She is also a mother of Lead-poisoned children (two of her sons were acutely Lead-poisoned in 2005).It is noteworthy that the lead is in the outer colored surface of these containers. Clear Glass Pyrex: lead-free. Vintage Brown Tupperware: Negative for lead, cadmium, mercury and arsenic, Yellow Tupperware: 2677 ppm cadmium, 15 ppm mercury, Green Tupperware: 2,780 ppm lead, 234 ppm arsenic. Vintage Crown Corning made in Japan c. 1990s: 46 ppm ...Pyrex’s Transition to Lead-Free Glass. In response to the FDA ban, Corning Glass Works phased out the use of lead in Pyrex products. By the late 1970s, all Pyrex mixing bowls and other cookware were made with lead-free glass. This means that any vintage Pyrex mixing bowls manufactured after this time do not contain lead.Lead-Free: Fiestaware is manufactured as lead-free dinnerware, ensuring it meets safety standards set by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and California Prop 65. Collectibility: The long history of Fiestaware and the frequent introduction of new colors and limited editions have made it a popular collectible for enthusiasts. Some ...Hey there! As an Amazon Associate, I earn from qualifying purchases. I greatly appreciate your support!It is true that the corning ware brand is one unique glass-ceramic cookware that is resistant to thermal shock. According to Wikipedia, it was first introduced in 1958 by corning glass works (later...The exact products shown below [OR similar products from the same brand] have been repeatedly tested by Lead Safe Mama, LLC (using XRF technology) and have been consistently found to be Lead-free. Food Storage Note: The products below have been expressly chosen because they do not have any decorations (logos or otherwise) …It is not advisable to use Pyrex in the Oven at 500 degrees because prior to 1998, Pyrex glassware was made with Borosilicate glass but nowadays, Pyrex glassware is made with Soda-lime which is not thermal resistant like Borosilicate glass constituents. Based on this fact, using Pyrex at 500 degrees Fahrenheit may lead to an explosion or crack ....

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